Fr4

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FR-4, an abbreviation for Flame Resistant 4, is a type of material used for making a printed circuit board (PCB). It describes the board itself with no copper covering. FR-4 meets the requirements of Underwriters Laboratories UL94-V0. The FR-4 used in PCBs is typically UV stabilized with a tetrafunctional resin system. It is typically a yellowish color. FR-4 manufactured strictly as an insulator (without copper cladding) is typically a difunctional resin system and a greenish color. FR-4 is similar to an older material called G-10. G-10 lacked FR-4's self extinguishing flammability characteristics. FR-4 has widely replaced G-10 in most applications. Some military applications where destruction of the circuit board is a desirable trait will still utilize G-10.

Explanation A PCB needs to be an Electrical insulation to avoid shorting the circuit, physically strong to protect the copper tracks placed upon it, and to have certain other physical electrical qualities (see below). FR-4 is preferred over cheaper alternatives such as synthetic resin bonded paper (SRBP) due to several mechanical and electrical properties; it is less lossy at high frequencies, absorbs less moisture, has greater strength and stiffness and is highly flame resistant compared to its less costly counterpart. FR-4 is widely used to build high-end consumer, industrial, and military electronic equipment. It is also ultra high vacuum (UHV) compatible.

FR4 as a material for PCBs faces a number of limitations. These are due to the treater-based manufacturing process used to produce the substrate from which PCBs are manufactured. Specifically, treaters tend to produce material which suffers from inclusions (air bubbles) and striations (longitudinal air bubbles) as well a deformation of the glass cloth. These imperfections can lead to conductive anodic filaments (CAFs) (caused by electrochemical migration), problems with consistent dielectric constant (dK) (due to resin-rich resin-poor areas) and yield issues (broken connections on the PCB) when a PCB and its components is re-flow soldered. Given these issues, FR4 could be considered more as a mechanical carrier rather than a homogeneous electrical insulator. To address these issues new types of epoxy-glass material are becoming available (e.g. Monolayer) which whilst chemically identical to the "old" material do not suffer any of the problems currently associated with FR4.

Advanced epoxy-glass materials with fillers (ie: phenolic filled materials) typically have higher associated costs and increased difficulty in drilling/metalizing. Choosing FR4 is often a balance of cost and performance.

Description and specifications FR-4 is a composite of a resin epoxy reinforced with a woven fiberglass mat. It is a material from the class of epoxy resin bonded glass fabric (ERBGF)

{] (Permittivity) ] (Loss tangent) ] || 20 MV/m (500 V/mil )|-| Surface Resistivity (min) ]) || 17 GPa (2.5x10^6 PSI; for use in PCBs)|-| Tg (Glass transition temperature) FR4 laminate Tg ranges from 110 to ~200 depending on manufacture and resin system|-

| Density || 1.91 kg/L|}

Applications FR-4 is acceptable for signals up to around 2 GHz, depending on the application (loss and cross-talk will increase, especially if the same FR-4 board carries multiple high-frequency signals). Other materials, such as the Rogers 4003 board, provide superior electrical characteristics at higher frequencies.

FR-4 is also used for manufacturing insulating or structural components.

See also

References

FR4 Data Sheet
P r inted circuit board Manufacturer, Photoplotting All types of Pcb, surface mount sm, PTH, SS sing le sided, ML multi layer prototypes. Cheap high quality PCBs Printed circuit ...

FR4 Laminate
P r inted circuit board Manufacturer, Photoplotting All types of Pcb, surface mount sm, PTH, SS sing le sided, ML multi layer prototypes. Cheap high quality PCBs Printed circuit ...

irga - Klawiatury FR4
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FR-4 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Redirected from FR4) ... FR-4, an abbreviation for Flame Retardant 4, is a type of material used for making a ...

Euro Electronic Manufactures, Nema FR4, UK PCB Assembly Circuit Board ...
UK PCB Assembly Circuit Board Assemblers & Euro Electronic Manufactures who can Manufacture Nema FR4 & HVAC printed circuit boards: FR4 properties & FR4 PCB material content, FR4 ...

PCB Printed Circuit Boards - PCB Train - Fast Turn Around PCB ...
At PCB train we have been manufacturing and assembling PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) for almost 50 years. Fast turn around Prototyping // PCBTrain

FR4 - Definition by AcronymFinder
Acronym Finder: Definition of FR4. What does FR4 stand for?

fr4
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PCB Train - Fast Turn Around PCB Prototyping - Timetable
1: S/S conventional: 1.6mm: FR4: 1 oz cu: Immersion silver: Every day 5/10/15 1: S/S conventional: 0.8mm: FR4: 1 oz cu: Immersion silver: Mon 5/10 2: PCB Train Express: 1.6mm: FR4: 1 oz cu: Immersion ...

FR4 definition of FR4 in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
Encyclopedia article about FR4. Information about FR4 in the Columbia Encyclopedia, Computer Desktop Encyclopedia, computing dictionary.